The family, as a fundamental nucleus of society, plays an essential role in the development of children from an early age. There are too many occasions in which it is intended to delegate and base the education of minors on the work of teachers. In this article, we explore how affectivity, family communication, and parental education styles decisively influence the formation of character, emotions, and values of the little ones.
The family is the first environment where children learn to interact with the outside world. Their specific family functioning, their principles, their values, their mode of socialization… has a significant impact on their social growth. Below, we will analyze some key aspects:
Affectivity and Emotional Bonds
The expression of affection and the establishment of solid emotional bonds are essential for the healthy development of children. According to studies carried out by experts such as Berástegui, Duato, and Palacios, the quality of affective relationships in the family influences children’s ability to relate positively to others. Hugs, words of encouragement, and emotional support contribute to the formation of a positive self-image and the construction of solid social relationships. The two principles of a secure family affective base are to create a shared awareness among all its members, in which attachment relationships and the care of others are important, and also that support and care must be mutual.
Effective communication within the family is a fundamental pillar. Open dialogues, active listening, respect, not issuing value judgments, and empathy allow children to express their thoughts, feelings, and concerns. Communication is also key to transmitting family values and norms. Multiple investigations have shown that families that encourage open communication have children with more developed social skills.
Parental Education Styles
Parents play a crucial role in shaping the character and values of their children. Different parenting styles affect the psychosocial development of children:
A) Authoritarian Style
The authoritarian style is characterized by severe discipline. Parents establish rigid rules and expect obedience without exception. This style tends to be controlling, with little emotional support to the minor and punishment and threats are used. If the minor violates the rules, they face severe consequences without room for explanations.
Impact on Development
- Children raised in this style can become obedient, but lack autonomy and self-esteem.
- They may experience anxiety and fear in the face of authority.
- It facilitates that in turn they are authoritarian, arrogant and intolerant in later phases
B) Democratic Style
The democratic style is based on open communication and participation. Parents establish rules, but also listen to their children’s opinions. They encourage autonomy and responsibility. This approach balances limits with flexibility and promotes self-expression.
Impact on Development
- Children feel valued and learn to express their thoughts and emotions.
- They develop conflict resolution and empathy skills.
- Children raised in this environment usually develop solid social skills and a positive self-image.
C) Permissive Style
The permissive style is characterized by the lack of clear limits. Parents are indulgent and avoid conflicts. Often, they seek to be friends with their children instead of establishing firm rules. Although this approach can generate a close relationship, minors may lack structure and responsibility.
Impact on Development
- Minors may become impulsive and have difficulty following social norms.
- They may experience anxiety in situations without clear limits.
- They may have difficulty managing frustration and self-regulation.
- It is easy for them to feel insecure and to be disrespectful
D) Indifferent or Negligent Style
The indifferent or negligent style is characterized by the lack of attention and care. Parents do not establish rules or offer emotional support. They may be physically or emotionally absent.
Impact on Development
- Children may face emotional and academic difficulties.
- They may seek affection and attention outside the home.
- Children raised in this environment may feel neglected and develop problems of self-esteem and confidence.
- They are more prone to addictive habits and establishing dependent emotional relationships.
Recommendations for Parents
Regardless of the type of family and the condition of the children, here are some recommendations to adequately accompany the development of children:
- Quality Time: Dedicate time to meaningful family activities. Playing together, reading stories or cooking as a family among other activities strengthens affective bonds.
- Model of Values: Be role models. Transmit values such as honesty, empathy, flexibility, respect and responsibility through your daily actions.
- Active Listening: Pay attention to what your children say and feel. Value their opinions and encourage open communication.
- Establish Clear Limits: Limits provide security and structure. Explain the reasons behind the rules so that children understand.
- Promote Tolerance and Diversity: Teach to respect differences and to value cultural and gender diversity.
In summary, the family is a fundamental foundation for the integral development of children and young people. Their affective, communicative and educational influence shapes their character and provides them with the necessary tools to face the world with confidence and empathy. We encourage you to listen to our Doctor of Psychology, Nuria Ros, in La Tarde con Marina to expand the information on the subject. At Dide.org we are experts in detecting educational, emotional and behavioral potential and difficulties early in order to intervene. You can access the diagnostic tool in this link.
